What does the flow of electrons in the ETC directly and indirectly accomplish? 7. What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the ETC? What is made when it accepts electrons? 6. What molecule is the primary energy carrier between the Krebs cycle and the ETC? 5. When and how many CO2 are produced? (HINT: it occurs in two of the four parts of cellular respiration) 4.
Make a chart if it will help you organize the information. Know how many ATPs, NADHs, and FADHs are used or produced in each step of cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic). Know the three/four reactions (location and steps) of cellular respiration. j) What happens when the stomata of a leaf closes? What is a possible negative side effect of stomata being closed? Know the differences and similarities in C3, C4, and CAM plants Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration 1. i) What is negative feedback? Be able to recognize or give an example of negative feedback. Understand what color light is reflected and absorbed by photosynthetic organisms. eukaryotic organisms? h) What are units of energy of light called? Be familiar with absorption and action spectra. How is an H+ gradient established across the membrane? e) What happens to a molecule when it has been oxidized? Reduced? (LEO GER, OIL RIG) f) What organisms are capable of photosynthesis? (Think of ALL of them) g) Where does the electron transport chain occur in prokaryotic vs. b) In what organelles are ATP synthase complexes found? What is the purpose of ATP synthase complexes? c) How do some poisons function? d) Know the chemiosmotic theory. Understand the Zscheme and Calvin cycle diagrams to be able to explain the process of photosynthesis in detail. What is lactose intolerance? How can a person with lactose intolerance avoid the side effects of it? Chapter 7: Photosynthesis a) Know the structure and function of the organelles involved in photosynthesis. What is the currently accepted model of enzymes and substrates? 10. What is the energy of activation? How do enzymes affect the energy of activation? 9. Are enzymes used up in a reaction? How do enzymes work? How are enzymes affected by temperature, pH, alcohol and distilled water? 8. Where is the energy stored in ATP and how is it released? 7. What is the chemical structure of ATP? 6. Which type of reaction is spontaneous? 4. Know endergonic and exergonic reactions in terms of ΔG and energy of products and reactants. What are the biochemical reactions in organisms collectively known as? 3. What is entropy? What happens when entropy increases? 2. Understand and know the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes 1.